中国省际贸易隐含PM2.5排放转移及其环境公平性研究

Embodied PM2.5 Emission Transfer and Environmental Equity in Interprovincial Trade of China

中文关键词:  PM2.5  省际贸易  隐含排放  环境公平  多区域投入产出模型

英文关键词:PM2.5  Interprovincial trade  Embodied emissions  Environmental equality  Multi-regional input-output model

中文摘要:

      本文首先基于多区域投入产出模型，结合能源驱动的PM2.5排放清单，构建了2017年中国环境拓展的多区域投入产出表。而后，以生产侧与消费侧的双视角测算了2017年我国30个省份贸易中隐含PM2.5排放与增加值的转移特征，并基于排放与增加值的净转移矩阵借助区域环境不公平指数对省际贸易中PM2.5污染排放与经济利益交换的公平性进行测度。结果表明省际贸易中隐含PM2.5与隐含增加值的转移流向相反，中部与东北等相对欠发达地区是隐含PM2.5的主要流入地，而沿海地区发达省份是隐含增加值的主要流入地。发达省份通过省际贸易既可一定程度上避免PM2.5污染也可获得来自外省的经济利益，具有环境与经济的双优势，而部分欠发达省份则是环境与经济双失。区域环境不公平指数的测度结果表明，发达省份与欠发达省份之间存在明显的差值，欠发达地区在省际贸易中面临相对明显的环境不公平挑战。最后，建立了省际贸易污染补偿机制与方案以缓解环境不公平性。

英文摘要:

      Based on the multi-regional input-output model and combined with the energy-driven PM2.5 emission inventory, a multi-regional input-output table of China's environmental expansion in 2017 was constructed. Then, from the perspective of both production and consumption, the transfer characteristics of PM2.5 emissions and value added in trade of 30 provinces in 2017 were measured. Based on the net transfer matrix of emissions and value added, the inequality of PM2.5 pollution emissions and economic benefit exchange in inter-provincial trade was measured with the help of regional environmental inequality （REI） index. The results showed that the transfer of implied PM2.5 in interprovincial trade flowed in the opposite direction to the transfer of implied value added. Relatively developing areas such as central and northeast China were the main inflow places of embodied PM2.5, while developed provinces in coastal areas were the main inflow places of implied added value. Developed provinces can not only avoid PM2.5 pollution to a certain extent but also gain economic benefits from other provinces through inter-provincial trade. They had both environmental and economic advantages, while some less developed provinces had both environmental and economic losses. The measurement results of REI index showed that there was an obvious high value between developed and less developed provinces, and the less developed regions faced obvious environmental inequality in inter-provincial trade. Finally, interprovincial trade pollution compensation mechanisms and programs were established to alleviate environmental inequity.