论碳排放权的准物权属性

On the Quasi-property Nature of Carbon Emission Rights

中文关键词:  碳排放权  准物权  自然资源  大气环境容量  碳市场交易

英文关键词:carbon emission rights  quasi-property  natural resources  atmospheric environmental capacity  carbon market transaction

中文摘要:

      健全碳排放权市场交易制度需要搭建一个全面、科学的法律属性理论体系。学界目前就碳排放权具备公、私法双重属性虽达成共识，但多数观点仅侧重表达其中的一个面向。准物权说具备平衡公、私法属性的优势，却有“口袋权”之嫌。借助现有规范对准物权特征进行体系化总结，可发现以自然资源为客体的准物权是同时包含“用益物权”属性和“行政许可”特征的一项复合性权利。碳排放权的客体为大气环境容量，属于自然资源，且碳排放权具有用益物权的私法特征和基于行政许可而产生的公法特征，故可将其属性定性为准物权。此种准物权属性说符合立法趋势，有益于碳市场建设，亦具备指引司法实践的能力。

英文摘要:

      A robust market trading system for carbon emission rights necessitates the establishment of a comprehensive and scientific theoretical framework of legal attributes. While the academic community has reached a consensus on the dual attributes of public and private law for carbon emission rights, the majority of views are focused on expressing only one of these attributes. Quasi-property, which has the advantage of balancing the attributes of public and private law, has been criticized as potentially being a“pocket right”. However, a systematic summary of the characteristics of quasi-property rights with natural resources as their object are composite rights that simultaneously incorporate the attributes of "usufructuary rights" and the characteristics of "administrative permits. The objective of carbon emission rights is the capacity of the atmospheric environment, which belongs to the category of natural resources. Carbon emission rights exhibit characteristics of both private law of usufruct and public law based on administrative license, thus justifying its inclusion within the system of quasi-property. Such quasi-property is consistent with the prevailing legislative trends, advantageous for the development of carbon market, and possesses the capacity to influence judicial practice.