零碳园区电力供给侧改革政策设计与应用模式研究

Research on Policy Design and Application Models of Power Supply Side Reform in Zero-Carbon Industrial Parks

中文关键词:  零碳园区  电力供给侧改革  政策设计  应用模式

英文关键词:zero-carbon industrial park  power supply-side reform  policy design  application model

中文摘要:

      零碳园区必须构建以可再生能源为主、辅以共享储能并由公共电网兜底的能源体系，才能保证园区全生命周期碳中和的实现。其中，绿色电力供给是能源体系的关键。本文从问题导向出发，揭示了零碳能源供给与园区能源需求存在的深层次矛盾，论述了零碳园区建设的导向及其能源体系要求，以及零碳园区与电力供给侧改革的关系，全面阐述了基于零碳园区建设的电力供给侧改革政策设计目标与政策机制设计，提出以零碳园区建设激发电力供给侧改革活力。系统勾画了电力供给侧改革政策绿色设计蓝图，包括多方参与收益共享机制、绿电直连+公共电网兜底机制、碳电协同交易机制、容量补偿机制、绿电互济机制、独立计价机制、区域及跨部门协同机制、投融资与财政政策绿色设计等八大机制，并以零碳园区为试验田，详细剖析了零碳园区电力供给侧改革典型应用模式，涵盖园区及周边可再生能源开发利用型、绿电直连型、隔墙售电型、增量配电网型、共享储能型等五大类型。着力实现由低价能源向低碳能源、从技术依赖向协同优化、由单一主体向多元主体共治等三大转变，致力达成碳平衡、电量平衡、电价平衡等三大平衡。

英文摘要:

      To achieve the full lifecycle carbon neutrality of a zero-carbon industrial park, it is essential to build an energy system dominated by renewable energy, supplemented by shared energy storage and backed by the public power grid. Among these components, the supply of green electricity is the key to the energy system. From the problem-oriented perspective, this article reveals the deep-seated contradiction between zero-carbon energy supply and the energy demand of the industrial park, discusses the orientation of zero-carbon industrial park construction and the requirements of its energy system, as well as the relationship between zero-carbon industrial parks and power supplyside reform. It comprehensively expounds the policy design goals and policy mechanism design of power supply-side reform based on zero-carbon industrial park construction, and proposes to stimulate the vitality of power supply-side reform through zero-carbon industrial park construction, focusing on three major transformations: from low-cost energy to low-carbon energy, from technology dependence to collaborative optimization, and from single subject to multi-subject co-governance. Considering the self-balances of carbon emissions, electricity, and power prices, this study systematically sketches the blueprint for the green design of power supply-side reform policies, including eight mechanisms: multi-party participation and benefit-sharing, green power direct connection + public power grid backup, carbon-electricity coordinated trading, capacity compensation, green power mutual aid, independent pricing, regional and cross-departmental coordination, and green design of investment and financing and fiscal policies. Using zero-carbon industrial parks as the experimental field, it analyzes in detail the typical application models for power supply-side reform in zero-carbon industrial parks, covering five types: renewable energy development and utilization within and surrounding parks, direct green electricity connection, over-the-fence power sales, incremental distribution networks, and shared energy storage.